What Are Cannabinoids and How Do They Work? 

Cannabinoids are naturally occurring compounds found in cannabis plants. When consumed, they interact with your body’s endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors in the brain, nervous system, and immune system. 

Different cannabinoids produce different effects in our endocannabinoid system, which is why THC can feel more euphoric while CBD may feel more calming. Think of cannabinoids as “keys” that unlock different effects depending on their type, ratio, and how you consume them. 

What is THC?

How THC Interacts with Your Body 

THC (aka tetrahydrocannabinol) is the cannabinoid most often linked to the intoxicating effects of cannabis. It connects with receptors in the brain, which can influence mood, perception, and coordination. This is the compound that produces the effects most people associate with cannabis consumption. 

In Canada, all cannabis products are labelled with THC content so you know the potency before you consume. You might see this labelled as a percentage or mg. Getting the right dosage is important. Most folks will start to feel the effects of THC over 3-5mg (for edibles, beverages and capsules) and over 10% (flower and pre-rolls). If you’re new to THC, consider starting at this low dose before skipping to the more potent stuff. Higher THC products, like 10mg drinks and gummies, or a vape at 99% THC can have strong effects and should be consumed responsibly.  

THCa vs THC: The Key Difference 

Before cannabis is heated, it contains THCa (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid). THCa does not produce intoxicating effects in its raw form. When cannabis is heated through smoking, vaping, or baking, THCa drops the “a” for acid and changes into THC through a process called decarboxylation. 

• THCa: Found in raw cannabis, non-intoxicating. 

• THC: Activated by heat, produces intoxicating effects. 

This is why raw cannabis won’t cause the same experience as a baked edible or vaporized oil.
 

CBD Effects: Why CBD Is So Popular 

How CBD Interacts with Your Body

CBD (aka cannabidiol) is the second most common naturally occurring compound found in cannabis. CBD produces non-intoxicating effects, meaning it won’t create the same “high” feeling as THC. It interacts differently with your body’s endocannabinoid system, which is why many people describe CBD’s effects as more subtle and clear-headed. 

For new cannabis consumers, CBD oil, gummies, and/or capsules are often chosen for their approachable, easy-to-measure format. You can also find CBD flower at many retailers as a milder option for smoking.  

What is CBN? 

Like the others, CBD (aka Cannabinol) is a cannabinoid compound found in cannabis. CBN is slightly different, however. As THC ages, it breaks down. This leads to the formation of CBN through THC’s structural changes.  

What does CBN do? 

CBN is non-psychoactive and is gaining in popularity for products formulated for nighttime and relaxation. CBN is being explored for it’s sedative and calming effects. While many consumers might report success with CBN for sleep, it is important to remember that effects can vary from person to person. There is not enough high-quality research to corroborate these claims. As always, start low and go slow with new products and cannabinoids. Always consult a doctor when combining with other substances and/or if considering medical usage, such as for help with sleep.   

What is CBG? 

Cannabigerol (CBG) is also a cannabinoid naturally produced by the plant. It’s another non-psychoactive cannabinoid usually found in low quantities. More recent developments have allowed breeders and producers to isolate CBG and produce products with elevated CBG.  

What does CBG do? 

CBG is non-intoxicating and, more recently, is being explored by researchers for therapeutic benefits. You may have noticed edibles, beverages, vapes and even flower products labelled with high CBG. These products can be another way of exploring cannabis without the psychoactive effects or a more balanced experience when paired with THC. There are some folks interested in therapeutic applications of CBG, claiming success with reducing anxiety, pain and inflammation. However, like CBN and cannabis in general, more robust research is needed to substantiate these medical claims.  

How to Choose the Right Cannabinoid Profile 

Tips for New Cannabis Buyers 

• Start low, go slow – Remember: you can always take more, but never less. Start with a low dose and see how you feel. Gradually increase the dose, allowing enough time for effects to set in before re-upping. You don’t need to try it all in one go!  

• Check labels – Look for THC, CBD, and other cannabinoid amounts. Ask your budtender for help understanding potencies.  

• Explore ratios – Balanced products can be a gentle introduction to cannabis. 

Example Cannabinoid Ratios in Edibles  

• High THC, low or no CBD: Stronger intoxicating effects; better suited to experienced consumers. 

• Balanced THC:CBD: Milder effects, often recommended for those easing into cannabis. 

• CBD-dominant: Non-intoxicating; for those who want to avoid a high. 

• THC + CBN or CBG: Will still have some intoxicating effects due to THC but with the balanced non-intoxicating effects of CBN or CBG.  

Key Takeaways on Major Cannabinoids 

• THC is intoxicating; THCa is its non-intoxicating precursor. 

• CBD is non-intoxicating and often chosen for a more subtle experience. 

• CBN and CBG are lesser-known cannabinoids gaining interest among consumers. 

• Understanding cannabinoid profiles can help you choose products that match your preferences. 

Explore Cannabinoids with City Cannabis 

At City Cannabis, our budtenders are happy to walk you through options and help you discover what works best for you. Maybe you’re curious about CBD-only gummies, balanced THC:CBD oils, or products with CBN and CBG, we’d love to help you on your journey.  

Visit us in-store to explore our selection and find the right fit for your next cannabis experience.